Tempus Fugit

Introduction

Time, as we have come to know it, is an illusion draped over the ruins of a forgotten past. We are told that the Earth’s geological record is an orderly archive, a slow accumulation of rock and fossilized life spanning billions of years. Yet, beneath this assumption lies a world in turmoil — a record fractured by unrecognized cataclysms, distorted by forces too great to ignore. What if the hourglass of deep time has been shattered? What if the clock of the Earth has been reset, not once, but many times?

The emerging evidence suggests that Earth’s geological timeline is far from uniform, its records compressed by immense planetary upheavals. In this analysis, we examine the implications of Exothermic Core-Mantle Decoupling Events (ECDO)—planetary convulsions that may have violently reset the planet’s geological and biological clock. We scrutinize the standard dating methods, reveal the distortions in assumed chronology, and argue that a recalibration of time is necessary.

The conventional narrative of Earth’s history — a gradual, uniform progression spanning 4.5 billion years — may be the greatest scientific misconception of our time. This is not merely an academic concern; it fundamentally alters our understanding of human history, the development of civilization, and our place in the cosmos. If the true timeline of Earth has been compressed by catastrophic events, then humanity’s journey may be far more tumultuous — and recent — than we have been led to believe.

Throughout this exploration, we will examine physical evidence that contradicts the uniformitarian model, propose mechanisms for planetary-scale disruptions, and consider the implications of a recalibrated chronology. The journey will challenge fundamental assumptions about geology, paleontology, archaeology, and even the mechanisms of evolution itself.

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Part I: The Great Compression

The ECDO Hypothesis: Earth’s Staggering Past

In the chronicles of planetary history, we find echoes of cataclysms so profound that they defy gradualist interpretations. The evidence suggests that sudden internal decoupling events within the Earth — exothermic shifts within the core-mantle system — may have led to rapid geological transformation, creating conditions under which entire stratigraphic sequences were formed not over millions of years, but within vastly compressed timeframes.

The Mechanics of Planetary Convulsion

At the heart of the ECDO hypothesis lies a simple yet revolutionary concept: the Earth’s outer core and mantle, typically rotating in synchronized harmony, can undergo sudden decoupling events. During these episodes, immense quantities of energy are expressed as heat — hence the term “exothermic” — leading to:

1. Rapid thermal expansion of the crust and upper mantle
2. Accelerated tectonic movement at rates orders of magnitude greater than present-day drift
3. Massive volcanic outgassing and atmospheric transformation
4. Global flooding events as oceanic basins rapidly deform
5. Magnetic field excursions or reversals as core dynamics are disrupted

These are not theoretical abstractions but phenomena recorded in the geological record, albeit misinterpreted within the gradualist framework. Consider the Siberian Traps, a massive volcanic province covering over 2 million square kilometers with basaltic rock. Conventional geology suggests these eruptions occurred over millions of years, yet the catastrophic hypothesis proposes they may have formed within decades during an ECDO event — an interpretation more consistent with the biological impact evidenced in the contemporaneous Permian-Triassic extinction boundary.

Evidence in the Stratigraphic Record

The stratigraphic record worldwide contains anomalies that defy conventional explanation:

• Polystrate fossils that traverse multiple sedimentary layers supposedly representing millions of years
• Soft tissue preservation in fossils allegedly tens or hundreds of millions of years old
• Paraconformities where supposedly vast time periods leave no erosional evidence
• Mixed fossil assemblages containing organisms from supposedly different eras

The conventional response to these anomalies has been to devise ad hoc explanations that preserve the standard timescale. Yet, when viewed through the lens of catastrophism, these “anomalies” become expected outcomes of rapid deposition during planetary upheavals.

Consider the Morrison Formation of the western United States, a vast assemblage of dinosaur fossils often found in contorted death poses suggesting rapid burial. Conventional geology interprets this formation as representing millions of years of gradual deposition, yet the preservation quality of the fossils suggests rapid burial under catastrophic conditions — precisely what would be expected during an ECDO event.

Historical Memory of Catastrophe

Intriguingly, human cultural memory worldwide contains accounts of global catastrophes that match the geological evidence. From the biblical deluge to the Hindu Yugas, from Chinese flood accounts to Mesoamerican cosmic destructions, humanity seems to carry cultural memories of world-altering events. These are typically dismissed as mere myths by conventional science, yet they may represent genuine historical recollections of catastrophic events that have periodically reset Earth’s systems.

The Greek story of Phaethon losing control of the sun chariot, causing global conflagration, mirrors geological evidence of widespread burning events in the recent past. Aboriginal Australian traditions describing sea level changes correlate with known flooding events at the end of the last ice age. These cultural memories, when mapped against geological evidence of catastrophe, suggest that humans have witnessed and recorded planetary upheavals that conventional geology distributes across vast and inaccessible time periods.

This catastrophic lens forces us to reconsider:

• The rapid deposition of fossil beds during flood events triggered by crustal displacement
• The accelerated formation of coal and petroleum under extreme pressure and temperature conditions
• The geomagnetic upheavals reflected in paleomagnetic records as signatures of core disruption
• The rapid stratification of sedimentary layers during deluge-like conditions following ECDO events

If ECDO events periodically obliterate existing geochronological records, then what we perceive as deep time may be a fragmented construct — an attempt to stitch together the tattered remnants of multiple planetary resets.

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Part II: The Dating Methods

The Fallibility of Radiometric Dating

The entirety of the conventional geological timescale rests upon radiometric dating methods — techniques that measure radioactive decay products to establish absolute ages for rocks and fossils. Yet these methods carry fundamental assumptions that remain unverified and, indeed, unverifiable:

1. Decay rate constancy – The assumption that radioactive decay rates have remained unchanged throughout Earth’s history
2. Closed system behavior – The assumption that elements and isotopes have not migrated into or out of the sample since formation
3. Known initial conditions – The assumption that the initial ratios of parent and daughter isotopes can be accurately determined

Each of these assumptions becomes deeply problematic in light of potential ECDO events and other planetary catastrophes.

Decay Rate Variability

The scientific community has long held that radioactive decay rates are immutable constants, unaffected by external conditions. This foundational assumption has recently faced serious challenges:

• Jenkins et al. (2008) documented seasonal variations in decay rates of certain isotopes that correlate with Earth’s distance from the Sun
• Experimental work has demonstrated that extreme pressure and electromagnetic conditions can alter decay rates
• Neutrino flux variations may influence decay processes, suggesting cosmic events could significantly impact radiometric clocks

If decay rates can vary under present, relatively stable conditions, how much more might they have fluctuated during catastrophic planetary upheavals? The energy released during an ECDO event would create electromagnetic anomalies, pressure waves, and temperature extremes far beyond anything in humanity’s recorded experience — precisely the conditions known to affect decay processes.

Open System Behavior

The assumption that isotopic systems remain closed — that no parent or daughter isotopes migrate into or out of the sample — breaks down under catastrophic conditions:

• Hydrothermal fluid circulation during planetary upheavals would dissolve and redistribute elements
• Extreme pressure gradients would drive diffusion of smaller atoms and isotopes
• Electromagnetic effects during core disruptions would influence the movement of charged particles
• Accelerated weathering during catastrophes would alter mineral structures

The conventional assumption of closed systems becomes especially problematic when we consider that many radiometric dating techniques rely on minerals like zircon, which, while relatively resistant to normal weathering, would face extraordinary conditions during an ECDO event.

Consider the uranium-lead system in zircons, often cited as the most reliable radiometric chronometer. Under the extreme conditions of an ECDO event — with temperatures potentially exceeding 1000°C across vast regions and pressure waves propagating through the crust — even these robust minerals would experience significant isotopic redistribution. The ages derived from such disturbed systems would not reflect formation time but the most recent catastrophic reset.

The Calibration Problem

Perhaps most troubling is the circular logic often employed in radiometric dating. The methods are frequently calibrated against each other or against biostratigraphic assumptions that themselves rest on the uniformitarian paradigm. When radiocarbon dating produces ages that conflict with established chronology, the results are often rejected as contaminated or erroneous. This selection bias creates an illusion of consistency while systematically eliminating evidence that might challenge the conventional timescale.

Imagine if we applied this same methodology to forensic science — discarding any evidence that contradicted our initial suspect while keeping only confirming evidence. Such an approach would be immediately recognized as fatally flawed, yet it persists in geochronology.

Ice Cores and Sedimentary Layers: Misinterpreted Histories

Beyond radiometric dating, conventional chronology relies heavily on cyclical records preserved in ice cores and sedimentary sequences. These are interpreted as representing annual layers accumulated over vast time periods — hundreds of thousands of years for ice cores and millions for certain sedimentary sequences.

The Misreading of Ice

The standard interpretation of ice core records assumes:

1. Each visible light/dark band represents one year of accumulation
2. No significant melting, flow, or disruption has occurred
3. Current atmospheric and precipitation conditions can be extrapolated into the deep past

Yet catastrophic events would violate all these assumptions:

• Rapid oscillations in atmospheric conditions during ECDO events would create multiple bands within short timeframes
• The extreme pressure and heat pulses would cause partial melting and recrystallization
• Dramatic changes in atmospheric composition would alter precipitation chemistry and layer formation

Experimental work has demonstrated that multiple “annual” layers can form during a single storm event under the right conditions. If Earth has experienced periods of extreme climate instability during and following ECDO events, the ice record would contain compressed sequences representing catastrophic processes rather than gradual accumulation.

Consider the Greenland ice sheet, conventionally interpreted as representing over 100,000 years of accumulation. If significant portions of this record were formed during post-catastrophic climate stabilization, with rapid precipitation during chaotic atmospheric conditions, the true timeframe might be compressed by orders of magnitude.

Sedimentary Illusions

Similarly, sedimentary layers conventionally interpreted as representing millions of years of gradual deposition show evidence of rapid, catastrophic formation:

• Fine laminations preserved without bioturbation suggest rapid deposition rather than slow accumulation
• Vast formations showing consistent mineral composition across wide geographical areas point to singular events rather than gradually changing conditions
• The preservation of soft-bodied organisms requires rapid burial, not gradual accumulation

The Green River Formation in the western United States, famous for its exquisitely preserved fish fossils and fine laminations, has been interpreted as representing millions of years of seasonal lake deposits. Yet the preservation quality of the fossils — showing intact scales, fins, and even stomach contents — demands rapid burial under anoxic conditions, precisely what would occur during catastrophic events.

The Carbon-14 Anomaly

Perhaps the most telling evidence against the conventional timescale comes from radiocarbon (C-14) dating. This method should not detect any measurable C-14 in materials older than approximately 100,000 years, as the isotope’s half-life (about 5,730 years) means it reaches detection limits after about 20 half-lives.

Yet measurable amounts of C-14 have been repeatedly found in coal, oil, and even diamonds conventionally dated to millions or billions of years old. The standard response has been to dismiss these findings as contamination, but the consistency of these results across different laboratories and sample types suggests a more fundamental issue: these materials may not be as old as conventionally believed.

If coal formations represent rapidly buried forest mats from recent catastrophes rather than gradually accumulated swamp deposits from millions of years ago, the presence of C-14 becomes not an anomaly but an expected finding.

Circular Referencing in Dating

Circular referencing occurs when geological or paleontological dating methods rely on assumptions derived from the very framework they are supposed to validate. These examples illustrate how dating methods are not fully independent but instead rely on internal consistency within an established framework. While calibration and cross-validation are standard scientific practices, true falsifiability is lacking when contradictory results are dismissed or reinterpreted to fit preexisting expectations.

The Cycling Crust Paradox

If Earth’s crust is continuously cycling through tectonic, metamorphic, and erosional processes, then much of the assumed geological “record” could have been destroyed, altered, or buried beyond recognition. This presents a significant challenge to the conventional deep-time framework, which assumes that Earth’s history can be reconstructed from a largely intact stratigraphic archive.

• Destruction of the Oldest Rocks: If basement complex rocks and even older surface formations are subducted, melted, or eroded, then much of Earth’s early history may be missing or significantly altered. The oldest known terrestrial rocks (~4 billion years old) are rare and often show extensive metamorphism, suggesting they are not pristine records of Earth’s past. If cycling is as extensive as it appears, then any evidence of even older geological epochs could have been completely obliterated.
• Recycling of Fossils and Sediments: Fossils, which are often used to date strata, could have been destroyed in past cycles or reworked into younger deposits. Catastrophic events (e.g., large-scale crustal deformation) could have mixed or even erased previous biosignatures. If large portions of the fossil record were destroyed, then the supposed evolutionary timeline may be based on incomplete or selectively preserved evidence.
• Tectonic Overprinting and Stratigraphic Gaps: Many regions exhibit paraconformities (missing time in rock sequences) and unconformities, where assumed millions of years of deposition are absent. If deep time were a continuous, uniform process, we would expect a more complete and unbroken sedimentary record. Instead, the rock record is highly fragmented, with major gaps, abrupt transitions, and missing intervals.
• The Problem of Uniformitarian Assumptions: Conventional geology assumes that past geological processes operated similarly to present ones (uniformitarianism). However, if major cycles of catastrophic upheaval periodically reset Earth’s surface, then much of the assumed timeline could be compressed or misinterpreted. This aligns with the idea of Catastrophic Timeline Compression (CTC)—that Earth’s history may not stretch over billions of years in an unbroken sequence, but rather consists of cycles of destruction and renewal.

If the Earth’s crust has been actively cycling for billions of years, then much of the assumed deep-time evidence should have been destroyed or radically altered. This raises serious questions about how much of Earth’s history can actually be reconstructed with confidence. If the evidence for deep time is itself impermanent, then how can we be certain of the prevailing geological timeline? Much of what we interpret as “ancient” may, in reality, be the remnants of recently re-formed crust, meaning our perception of time could be highly distorted by the selective survival of geological evidence.

This raises questions about how well we can objectively verify deep-time chronologies without inadvertently reinforcing assumptions baked into the system.

Comparison of dating methods

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Part III: The Memory of the Earth

Fossilization and Oil Formation: Rapid, Not Gradual

The conventional model of fossil formation requires slow burial and gradual mineral replacement over vast time periods. Similarly, petroleum formation is presented as a process requiring millions of years of heat and pressure acting on organic sediments.

Yet laboratory experiments and field observations increasingly suggest these processes can occur much more rapidly under the right conditions — conditions that would have been widespread during ECDO events.

Rapid Fossilization Processes

Modern research has demonstrated that:

• Complete mineralization of organic materials can occur within weeks to years under certain chemical conditions
• Soft tissue preservation requires exceptional circumstances more consistent with catastrophic burial than gradual processes
• Laboratory experiments have produced fossilized wood with characteristics indistinguishable from natural specimens in time frames of months rather than millions of years

The conventional narrative struggles to explain the exceptional preservation found in many fossil beds worldwide. The Messel Pit in Germany, for instance, contains fossils so well preserved that stomach contents, hair imprints, and even skin pigmentation patterns remain visible — preservation requiring rapid burial and exceptional conditions consistent with catastrophic processes.

Soft sheets of fibrillar bone from a fossil of the supraorbital horn of the dinosaur Triceratops horridus, Armitage, M. H., & Anderson, K. L. (2013):

Accelerated Hydrocarbon Formation

Similarly, petroleum formation has been demonstrated in laboratory settings within hours or days:

• Thermal depolymerization processes convert organic matter to crude oil under pressure and temperature conditions achievable during crustal disruptions
• The organic signatures in natural petroleum deposits often show less degradation than would be expected after millions of years of storage
• The spatial distribution of oil reserves often correlates with regions of known crustal instability — precisely where ECDO events would have greatest impact

The implications are profound: if the vast coal and oil deposits worldwide represent organic material rapidly transformed during catastrophic events rather than gradually accumulated over millions of years, then the entire energy economy of Earth may be built upon misinterpreted evidence of planetary catastrophes.

The Sahara’s Lost Oceans: The Mediterranean Outflow Event

One of the most compelling evidences for recent catastrophic flooding comes from North Africa, where geological and archaeological evidence suggests vast portions of the Sahara were rapidly transformed by catastrophic water events in the relatively recent past.

Geological Evidence of Rapid Inundation

Across the Sahara, we find:

• Wave-cut terraces far inland from current shorelines
• Vast deposits of marine fossils in regions now hundreds of meters above sea level
• Erosion patterns consistent with massive, rapid water movement rather than gradual desert processes
• Subsurface imaging revealing ancient river systems far more extensive than current models would predict

The conventional explanation attributes these features to sea level changes over millions of years, yet the preservation quality and geological context suggest much more recent and rapid transformations. The Mediterranean Outflow Event hypothesis proposes that crustal deformation during an ECDO event caused rapid drainage of Mediterranean waters into the North African continental depression, creating a massive flooding event that transformed the region’s geology and climate within a geological instant.

Archaeological Confirmation

Supporting this geological evidence, archaeological discoveries increasingly indicate human habitation in regions of the Sahara during periods when conventional models suggest it was already a desert. Rock art throughout the region depicts savanna animals and water-dependent human activities in areas now desperately arid. These artistic records might not represent creativity or imagination but accurate depictions of a landscape transformed within the span of human cultural memory.

The ruins of advanced civilizations in the region, conventionally attributed to oasis cultures or trade route settlements, may instead represent the remnants of societies that flourished in a very different Saharan environment — one catastrophically transformed within historical times.

Magnetic Field Dynamics: Signatures of Core Disruption

The Earth’s magnetic field, generated by movement in the outer core, leaves records of its behavior preserved in magnetized minerals within rocks and archaeological materials. These records reveal patterns of magnetic excursions and reversals conventionally interpreted as occurring over thousands of years.

Yet closer examination suggests these changes may occur much more rapidly:

• Historical measurements show the magnetic field weakening at rates that would lead to complete collapse within thousands, not millions, of years
• Archaeological materials occasionally show evidence of significant field changes within a single fired clay object
• Lava flows sometimes record transitional magnetic orientations, suggesting field movement rapid enough to be captured in a single cooling event

If magnetic field dynamics are signatures of core behavior, then these rapid changes may represent direct evidence of ECDO events — moments when the synchronized rotation of core and mantle temporarily breaks down, causing magnetic chaos before reestablishing a new equilibrium.

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Part IV: The Implications

If deep time is an illusion crafted by fragmented evidence, then what remains of evolutionary chronology, planetary formation models, and the story of human antiquity? If major events like ECDO have repeatedly reset the clock, then we must reconstruct Earth’s history from a perspective that accounts for cyclic cataclysm — not gradualism.

Evolutionary Recalibration

The conventional evolutionary model requires vast time periods for the gradual accumulation of beneficial mutations through natural selection. Yet if the geological record has been catastrophically compressed, we must consider alternative mechanisms:

• Punctuated equilibrium may represent not an occasional acceleration of gradual processes but the norm of biological development
• Horizontal gene transfer and other rapid adaptation mechanisms may play much larger roles than currently recognized
• Sudden appearance of new forms in the fossil record may reflect genuine rapid development rather than gaps in preservation

The Cambrian Explosion — the sudden appearance of virtually all major animal phyla in the fossil record — has long troubled conventional evolutionary theory. From a catastrophist perspective, this pattern becomes not an anomaly but an expected consequence of biological radiation following an ECDO reset event.

Human History Reconsidered

Perhaps most significantly, the catastrophist model forces reconsideration of human history. If Earth has experienced periodic global upheavals within the time frame of human existence, then:

• Advanced civilizations may have risen and fallen multiple times, their remains largely obliterated or deeply buried by catastrophic processes
• The conventional archaeological timeline may represent not the full scope of human development but merely the most recent cycle of civilization building
• Widespread “myths” of advanced ancient knowledge and technological capabilities may contain more historical truth than currently recognized

The mysterious similarities between distant ancient cultures — from pyramid building to astronomical knowledge — might represent not independent development or diffusion but the fragmented remnants of a shared global civilization shattered by planetary catastrophe.

Cycles of Destruction and Renewal

The evidence points toward a cyclical model of Earth history, with periods of relative stability punctuated by ECDO events that rapidly reset geological, biological, and human systems. These cycles may be driven by:

• Internal planetary rhythms related to core-mantle interaction
• External cosmic influences such as galactic position or encounters with celestial bodies
• Complex feedback systems between Earth’s biological and geological components
• A combination of these and other as-yet-unrecognized factors

Rather than the uniformitarian view of Earth as a system gradually changing over vast, almost incomprehensible time periods, we must consider our planet as a dynamic, catastrophic system periodically reset within timeframes relevant to human experience and cultural memory.

Suppression of Catastrophic Models

Why does mainstream science resist catastrophic interpretations? The answer lies in institutional momentum — gradualism is an easier narrative to sustain. Yet, the evidence speaks for itself: Earth has been shattered before, and it will be shattered again.

The resistance stems from several factors:

Philosophical Commitments

The uniformitarian paradigm emerged during the Enlightenment as a reaction against biblical catastrophism, carrying with it philosophical commitments to:

• • Materialism over supernatural explanation
  • Predictability over chaotic systems
  • Human control over nature rather than submission to cosmic forces

These philosophical underpinnings remain largely unexamined within mainstream science, creating resistance to catastrophic interpretations even when the evidence supports them.

Institutional Inertia

Academic and scientific institutions have invested generations of intellectual capital in the uniformitarian model. Careers, reputations, textbooks, and funding streams all depend on its continuation. The cost of admitting fundamental error would be professionally devastating for many established researchers and institutions.

Technological Limitations

Until recently, humanity lacked the computational tools to model and understand truly catastrophic systems operating at planetary scales. Simulation technology now allows us to visualize ECDO events and their consequences in ways that were impossible for previous generations of researchers.

Psychological Resistance

Perhaps most fundamentally, there exists a profound psychological resistance to catastrophic thinking. Humans prefer to believe in a stable, predictable world developing through processes slow enough to be essentially irrelevant to individual lives. The prospect of world-altering catastrophes occurring within human timeframes challenges our sense of security and control.

Yet, as scientific tools advance and evidence accumulates, the catastrophic model gains credibility despite institutional resistance. The growing field of impact crater identification, the recognition of megatsunami deposits, and the increasing acceptance of rapid climate change mechanisms all represent shifts toward catastrophic thinking, even if the full implications remain unacknowledged.

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Conclusion: A Reckoning with Time

The Earth we see today is a palimpsest, a canvas overwritten by planetary trauma. The hourglass of deep time is broken, its sands scattered by convulsions so great that they defy our current paradigms. If we are to understand the true nature of our world, we must abandon the comfort of uniformitarianism and embrace the reality of cyclic catastrophism.

This perspective does not diminish the grandeur of Earth’s history but enhances it. Rather than a slow, inexorable progression, we must envision a planet pulsing with dramatic transformations—a living system experiencing periods of crisis and renewal. The conventional timescale, stretching placidly into billions of years, may ultimately prove less magnificent than a compressed, catastrophic history vibrant with rapid change and renewal.

For humanity, the implications extend beyond academic interest. If ECDO events represent a cyclical planetary process, then understanding their triggers, patterns, and consequences becomes not merely a scientific curiosity but a survival imperative. The geological record may contain warnings relevant to our future — warnings we can only recognize if we correctly interpret Earth’s catastrophic past.

The fundamental question facing geological science is not whether catastrophes have occurred — the evidence for them is overwhelming — but whether these events represent the essential character of Earth’s history rather than occasional interruptions in an otherwise gradual process. The catastrophist model proposed here suggests the former: Earth is fundamentally a catastrophic system, its apparent stability merely representing the relatively quiet intervals between planetary convulsions.

The question remains: When will the next great reset occur? And will humanity, with its growing but still limited understanding of planetary dynamics, have the wisdom and foresight to recognize the signs before the hourglass shatters once again?

Catastrophic Timeline Compression (CTC) is a geological and chronological hypothesis asserting that Earth’s conventional timeline—typically framed as a gradual, uniform progression spanning approximately 4.5 billion years—has been profoundly condensed and distorted by periodic, large-scale planetary upheavals, such as Exothermic Core-Mantle Decoupling Events (ECDO). These proposed events involve sudden, exothermic disruptions between the Earth’s core and mantle, generating rapid tectonic shifts, massive volcanism, global flooding, and magnetic field anomalies. Advocates suggest that four or five such events could compress geological, biological, and cultural records into significantly shorter timeframes—potentially reducing billions of years to millions or even thousands—by accelerating processes like sedimentary deposition, fossil formation, and isotopic decay, while resetting or skewing calibration profiles of dating methods.

CTC challenges the uniformitarian assumptions underlying radiometric dating (e.g., constant decay rates, closed systems, known initial conditions), stratigraphic sequencing, and ice core chronologies, proposing that ECDO-induced conditions—such as altered decay rates under extreme pressure and electromagnetic forces, rapid layer formation, and atmospheric carbon disruptions—could inflate or collapse apparent ages by factors of 100 to 10,000 per event. Evidence cited includes polystrate fossils, soft tissue preservation, measurable radiocarbon in ancient materials, and cultural memories of global catastrophes, which proponents argue align with a history of cyclic destruction and renewal rather than gradual change. Critics view CTC as speculative and inconsistent with mainstream geochronology, emphasizing its reliance on unproven mechanisms and rejection of established calibration methods, while supporters contend it resolves anomalies unaddressed by conventional models.

– Grok 3 definition

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